Dental Care

Health

Dental Care

Dental care refers to the practices and treatments aimed at maintaining the health of the teeth and gums, preventing oral diseases, and addressing existing oral health issues. Proper dental hygiene includes daily care such as brushing, flossing, and avoiding harmful substances like sugary foods and tobacco. Yearly visits to a dentist help maintain overall oral health.

Why Is This Important for People with ID/DD?

For individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities oral health care is essential because they may face challenges in managing oral hygiene independently. These challenges can include difficulty brushing or flossing, sensory issues, increased fear of dental procedures, difficulty finding providers, or a lack of understanding of the importance of dental care. Without proper care, they are at higher risk for developing dental problems such as tooth decay, gum disease, and infections, which can lead to more severe health complications.

PREVENTION

  • Daily Care
    • Oral Hygiene: Brush your teeth twice a day to prevent plaque buildup and gum disease. Fluoride toothpaste is recommended for effective cleaning and protection. Daily oral hygiene is especially important for those who have difficulty swallowing and aspiration. The bacteria in the teeth/gums can be aspirated into the lungs, leading to an increased risk of pneumonia.
    • Flossing: Floss at least once a day to remove plaque between the teeth where a toothbrush may not reach.
    • Sugar Intake: Limit food and drinks with added sugar, as these contribute to tooth decay and other chronic diseases.
  • Yearly Care
    • Prophylactic Cleanings: Regular cleanings and X-rays by a dental professional are recommended at least every six months to prevent plaque buildup and detect early signs of oral health issues.
    • Denture Care: Annual dental visits are crucial for all individuals, including those who wear dentures. These visits help detect issues like cavities, gum disease, and potential oral cancers.
  • Maintaining Good Oral Health:
    • Avoid Tobacco Products: Smoking or using tobacco products increases the risk of developing oral cancer and gum disease. Avoid tobacco products to reduce these risks.
    • Avoid Alcohol: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of head and neck cancers and worsen oral health.
    • Prevent HPV: The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) can infect the mouth and throat, increasing the risk of cancer.
    • Diabetes Management: For individuals with diabetes, managing blood sugar levels helps reduce the risk of complications like gum disease and tooth decay. Frequent dental cleanings may also help control blood sugar levels.
    • Dry Mouth: Some medications cause dry mouth, which can lead to tooth decay. If dry mouth is an issue, consult with your doctor or dentist about solutions like increasing water intake or using saliva substitutes.
    • Modifications: For those who have difficulty brushing or flossing, a dentist can suggest adaptive tools or modifications to make oral hygiene easier. Caregivers may need to assist with brushing and flossing to ensure proper technique and cleanliness. It is important to ensure that toothpaste is used in a pea-sized amount and is spit out rather than swallowed. Day programs of Community support staff can also work on goals to assist in learning and maintaining good oral hygiene.

Helpful to Know

  • Children: Sealants: Dental sealants may be recommended for children to protect their teeth from cavities. Discuss this option with your dentist during routine checkups.
  • Older Adults: Dentures: If wearing dentures, it is essential to clean them daily to prevent fungal infections. Dentures should be removed at night for proper cleaning and rest.
  • Sedation Dentistry: For individuals with dental anxiety or special needs, sedation dentistry offers various levels of sedation to ensure comfort during dental procedures:
    • Nitrous Oxide (Laughing Gas): This method involves inhaling gas to relax the patient, with quick recovery after the procedure.
    • Oral Conscious Sedation: A sedative pill taken an hour before the procedure. It can cause grogginess and may require assistance to get home.
    • Intravenous (IV) Sedation: The deepest form of sedation, typically used for lengthy or complex procedures. Patients may fall asleep and have no memory of the procedure.
    • Unconscious Sedation/General Anesthesia: Used for more complex cases, including when a patient is too anxious, young, or has special needs. This sedation requires the patient to be fully unconscious during the procedure, usually administered in a hospital or specialized center.