Diabetes

Health

Diabetes

Diabetes is a serious chronic condition where the body either cannot produce insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces, leading to higher-than-normal blood sugar levels. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar by allowing it to enter cells for energy. Without proper insulin function, blood sugar remains elevated, which can cause a number of various complications such as cardiovascular disease, kidney and nerve damage, vision issues, poor circulation and increased risk for infections.

Why Is This Important for People with ID/DD?

Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities are at higher risk for developing diabetes due to factors such as limited mobility, poor diet, or difficulty accessing healthcare. Additionally, individuals with ID/DD may have challenges in recognizing or communicating symptoms, which could delay diagnosis or treatment. Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to severe complications such as heart disease, kidney damage, vision loss, poor wound healing and infection, loss of limbs, and in some cases, even death.

PREVENTION

  • Maintain a Healthy Diet: Eating a balanced diet rich in whole grains, vegetables, and lean proteins, while limiting processed foods and sugary snacks, can help manage blood sugar levels. For those at risk, working with a nutritionist or dietitian to create a personalized meal plan is recommended.
  • Exercise Regularly: Physical activity helps the body use insulin more effectively and can assist in maintaining a healthy weight. Regular exercise, even light activities like walking or stretching, can significantly reduce the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes.
  • Monitor Blood Sugar Levels: Regularly checking blood sugar levels allows for early detection of any changes in glucose control. This is especially important for those at risk or already diagnosed with diabetes.
  • Manage Weight: Maintaining a healthy weight through proper diet and exercise can help prevent Type 2 Diabetes, as excess weight can increase the body’s resistance to insulin.

Helpful to Know

  • Common Symptoms for Both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
    Symptoms can develop gradually and may not always be immediately noticeable in people with ID/DD. They include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, extreme hunger, fatigue or weakness, irritability, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain, breath odor (often described as fruity or sweet).
  • Types of Diabetes
    • Type 1 Diabetes (Insulin-Dependent)
      This type of diabetes occurs when the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Without insulin, blood sugar levels rise uncontrollably. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, and it requires a daily regimen of insulin injections or an insulin pump to manage blood sugar levels.
    • Type 2 Diabetes (Non-Insulin Dependent)
      Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body still produces insulin, but it is not enough or is not used effectively. This form of diabetes is often seen in adults and is typically linked to lifestyle factors such as poor diet and lack of exercise. Although it can often be managed with diet, exercise, and medications, some people may eventually need insulin.
  • Treatment for Type 1 Diabetes
    Treatment for Type 1 Diabetes typically involves a daily regimen of insulin. This insulin can be administered through injections or an insulin pump. Additionally, individuals with type 1 may need to monitor blood sugar levels and A1C.
  • Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes
    Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes generally involves lifestyle modifications such as diet changes, regular exercise, and weight management. Medications or insulin may be required if lifestyle changes alone are not enough to manage blood sugar levels. Blood tests help to confirm the diagnosis and monitor progress.
  • Monitoring A1C: A1C Testing
  • Living with Diabetes: The Basics
  • Complications of Unmanaged Diabetes: Various Conditions
  • Diabetes Health Care Schedule: Recommendations