Winter Safety: Hypothermia

SAFETY

WINTER SAFETY: HYPOTHERMIA

Hypothermia occurs when the body’s core temperature falls below 95°F (35°C), usually due to prolonged exposure to cold weather, wind, or wet conditions. Body temperature that is too low affects the brain, making you unable to think clearly or move well. This makes hypothermia particularly dangerous because you may not know it is happening and/or be able to do anything about it.

Why It’s Important for the ID/DD Population

Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) or developmental disabilities (DD) may not recognize the signs of hypothermia or may be unable to communicate when they feel cold or uncomfortable. Some individuals may also have difficulty dressing appropriately for the weather or may resist wearing warm clothing, putting them at greater risk for hypothermia.

What to Do

Take the person’s temperature. If it is below 95°F, the situation is an emergency; get medical attention immediately. If medical care is not available, begin warming the person, as follows:

    • Get the person into a warm room or shelter.
    • If the person is wearing any wet clothing, remove it.
    • Warm the center of the body first: chest, neck, head, and groin; using an electric blanket if available. Or use skin-to-skin contact under loose, dry layers of blankets, clothing, towels, or sheets.
    • Warm beverages can help increase the body temperature, but do not offer alcoholic beverages. Never give beverages to an unconscious person.
    • After the body temperature has increased, keep the person dry and wrapped in a warm blanket, including the head and neck.
    • Get medical attention as soon as possible.

 

A person with severe hypothermia may be unconscious and may not seem to have a pulse or be breathing. In this case, handle the person gently and get emergency assistance (911) immediately. Even if the person appears lifeless, CPR should be provided. CPR should continue while the person is being warmed until responsive or until medical aid becomes available. In some cases, a person with hypothermia who appears lifeless can be successfully resuscitated.

Helpful to Know

Common signs and symptoms of hypothermia include shivering, confusion, lethargy, slurred speech, fatigue, shallow breathing, loss of coordination, numbness, and in severe cases, unconsciousness. Always check for signs/symptoms in cold conditions as individuals with ID/DD may not be able to report discomfort or recognize the symptoms of hypothermia. Be aware that hypothermia can progress very quickly in vulnerable individuals, making rapid response essential. Hypothermia is more likely to occur in very cold temperatures but can also happen at temperatures above 40°F, especially if the body is wet or exposed to wind.