Falls Safety

Falls Prevention  

Definition 

Falls are a major safety concern for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. A fall may result in serious physical injury, loss of mobility, or even psychological outcomes, such as fear of falling. Individuals with IDD are often at greater risk of falls due to a combination of medical, sensory, cognitive, and environmental factors. 

 

Why It’s Important for the IDD Population 

Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities may face an increased risk of falling due to a variety of factors. Individuals with IDD may have a limited ability to express feelings of unsteadiness, as well as fears associated with ambulation. Chronic medical conditions, such as seizure disorders, cerebral palsy, or complications from diabetes, are more common in this population and can contribute to instability. Additionally, managing chronic conditions often includes medications that can affect balance, alertness, and coordination, further increasing the risk of falls. Difficulties with mobility, coordination, or muscle control are prevalent, and while adaptive equipment like walkers or canes may help, these aids must be properly fitted and maintained to be effective. Due to these combined challenges, falls can have more severe and lasting consequences for individuals with IDD, affecting not only their physical well-being, but also their independence and overall quality of life. Preventing falls is critical to supporting both safety and long-term health outcomes. 

Prevention 

 Medical Considerations: 

  • Regularly review and monitor medication regimens to identify and modify any prescriptions that increase fall risks (i.e. sedatives, anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, diuretics). Use a Medication Checklist to speak with a pharmacist or prescribing doctor.  
  • Screen for untreated or worsening medical issues that may affect stability, such as poor vision, low blood pressure, arthritis, uncontrolled diabetes, or neurological conditions. 
  • Monitor for fatigue, dehydration, or signs of illness that could affect balance. 
  • Collaborate with physical and/or occupational therapists to create individualized plans that are safe, functional, and engaging. Use gait belts and mobility support devices during ambulation as recommended by clinical professionals. Ensure adaptive equipment is properly sized, in good repair, and used consistently (i.e. walkers, canes, slide boards). Consider utilizing recliners with lift assist to help with transitional support from sitting to standing.  

 

Home and Community Prevention: 

    • Ensure adequate lighting is throughout all areas, including night lights in bedrooms and hallways. 
    • Remove loose rugs, cords, or clutter that can cause trips. 
    • Install grab bars in bathrooms and near beds, use non-slip mats in showers, and ensure sturdy handrails on stairways. 
    • Ensure individuals wear properly fitted, supportive footwear; avoid flip-flops, loose slippers, or socks without grips. 

 

Additional Risk Reductions Strategies:  

  • Incorporate daily movement routines that promote flexibility, strength, and coordination, such as gentle stretching, swimming, balance exercises, and walking.  
  • Develop routines that minimize rushing, especially during transitions like getting out of bed, toileting, or navigating new environments. 
  • Reinforce self-advocacy and encourage individuals to report when they feel fearful, dizzy, unsafe, or unsure. 
    • When a fall occurs, conduct a structured review with the care team to understand the cause and update the life plan or safeguards accordingly. Consider an increase in supervision if possible until fall stability is reassessed.  

Helpful to Know