Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

Health

Hypertension 

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, occurs when the force of the blood against the walls of the arteries is consistently too high. Over time, this increased pressure can damage the blood vessels, heart, and other organs, increasing the risk of serious health problems, such as heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and vision loss.

Why Is This Important for People with ID/DD?

Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities are at a higher risk of developing hypertension due to factors such as limited access to healthcare, challenges with managing stress, physical inactivity, poor diet, and obesity.

PREVENTION

  • Encourage Regular Physical Activity: Regular exercise, such as walking or swimming can help reduce blood pressure. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days of the week.
  • Promote a Heart-Healthy Diet: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy can help lower blood pressure. Focus on reducing the intake of salt, processed foods, and sugary drinks.
  • Monitor Sodium Intake: Too much salt can raise blood pressure. Try to limit the consumption of high-sodium foods, such as canned soups, processed meats, frozen meals, salty snacks. Encourage cooking with fresh ingredients and using herbs and spices for flavor instead of salt.
  • Maintain a Healthy Weight: Being overweight or obese increases the risk of hypertension. Even a small amount of weight loss can have a positive effect on blood pressure.
  • Monitor Blood Pressure Regularly: Regular blood pressure checks are essential for individuals at risk of hypertension. Home blood pressure monitors can help track blood pressure between doctor visits, but it’s important to ensure proper technique when measuring.
  • Encourage Stress Management: Chronic stress can contribute to elevated blood pressure. Teach relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, or guided imagery. Activities like listening to calming music, yoga, or taking nature walks may also help reduce stress levels.
  • Limit Alcohol and Tobacco Use: Both smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can raise blood pressure. If applicable, work with healthcare providers on strategies to reduce or eliminate alcohol intake and smoking. Support from healthcare professionals, family members, or community programs can help in quitting smoking.
  • Ensure Proper Medication Adherence: If prescribed, medications such as antihypertensive drugs should be taken as directed by the healthcare provider. Caregivers should help ensure the person with IDD adheres to the medication schedule and check for any side effects that may occur.
  • Create a Supportive Environment: Encourage the person with ID/DD to participate in activities that promote well-being and health. Build a supportive environment that includes regular healthcare check-ups, nutritional guidance, and a consistent routine for managing hypertension.

Helpful to Know

  • Common Signs/Symptoms of Hypertension: Hypertension is often referred to as a “silent” condition (because it may not show symptoms), it’s important to be aware of any signs that may indicate high blood pressure, such as headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, or shortness of breath.
  • Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension or DASH Diet: DASH Diet Plan
  • Measure Blood Pressure at Home: Dos and Don’ts
  • Blood Pressure Readings: BP Ranges