Dehydration

Health

Dehydration

Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in, resulting in a lack of adequate water and essential electrolytes for normal bodily functions. This can lead to a wide range of health issues, from mild symptoms like dry skin and fatigue to severe complications such as kidney failure, heatstroke, confusion or cardiac symptoms.

Why Is This Important for People with ID/DD?

Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities are at increased risk for dehydration due to a variety of factors, such as difficulty recognizing thirst, communication challenges, physical limitations, or sensory issues related to drinking fluids. Dehydration can affect cognitive function, physical health, and behavior, and if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications like urinary tract infections, kidney damage, or heat-related illnesses. It is important to monitor fluid intake closely to ensure that individuals with ID/DD remain hydrated.

PREVENTION

  • Encourage Regular Fluid Intake: Offer small amounts of fluids consistently throughout the day, rather than waiting until the person feels thirsty. Thirst may not be an obvious indicator for many individuals with ID/DD. Provide water, but also consider offering other hydrating options like diluted fruit juices, milk, or electrolyte drinks (preferably low in sugar).
  • Track Fluid Intake: Keep a record of daily fluid consumption to ensure that the person is drinking enough. Aim for a general target of about 6–8 cups of fluid daily, but this may vary depending on the person’s age, weight, and activity level. If the person has specific health conditions, consult with their healthcare provider for tailored recommendations.
  • Set a Hydration Routine: Incorporate hydration into a daily routine, such as having a drink with every meal and snack. Make sure that water is accessible at all times, especially if the person has limited mobility.
  • Offer Flavored Water or Ice Pops: For individuals who have difficulty drinking plain water, consider adding natural flavors like cucumber, lemon, or mint to water. You can also offer ice pops made from diluted fruit juice or flavored water, which are both hydrating and enjoyable.
  • Avoid Caffeinated and Sugary Drinks: Be cautious with drinks that contain caffeine or high amounts of sugar, such as sodas, energy drinks, or coffee. These beverages can contribute to dehydration and should be limited.
  • Use Visual Cues and Reminders: Some individuals with ID/DD may benefit from visual reminders to drink, such as colorful cups, water bottles, or hydration charts. You can also incorporate cues like “It’s time to drink!” into the daily routine to encourage consistent fluid intake.
  • Ensure Hydration During Physical Activities: Make sure the person stays hydrated before, during, and after any physical activities, especially in warm weather or if they have increased activity levels. This is particularly important if the person is prone to sweating or is engaging in physical therapy or exercise.
  • Consider Water-Rich Foods: In addition to beverages, offer foods with high water content, such as fruits (e.g., watermelon, oranges, strawberries) and vegetables (e.g., cucumbers, lettuce, celery), which can contribute to overall hydration.
  • Vehicle Safety: Temperatures inside a parked vehicle can quickly rise to dangerous levels, even with the windows down which can increase risk of dehydration.

Helpful to Know

  • Common Signs/Symptoms of Dehydration: Early signs of dehydration include a dry mouth, dark-colored urine, dizziness, or confusion. In more severe cases, dehydration may cause weakness, a rapid heart rate, and very little urine output. If these signs appear, seek medical advice promptly.
  • Are you Dehydrated? Urine Dehydration Chart